| Nephthys |
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In Egyptian mythology, Nephthys is a member of the Great Ennead of
Heliopolis, a daughter of Nut and Geb. Nephthys was typically paired
with her sister Isis in funerary rites because of their role as
protectors of the mummy and the god Osiris and as the sister-wife of
Set.
Nephthys is regarded as the mother of the funerary-deity Anubis (Inpu)
in some myths. Alternatively Anubis appears as the son of
Bastet or Isis.
Nephthys was known in some ancient Egyptian temple theologies and
cosmologies as the "Useful Goddess" or the "Excellent Goddess".
These late Ancient Egyptian temple texts describe a goddess who
represented divine assistance and protective guardianship.
Less well understood than her sister Isis, Nephthys was no less
important in Egyptian Religion as confirmed by the work of E.
Hornung, along with the work of several noted scholars.
As the primary "nursing mother" of the incarnate Pharaonic-god, Horus,
Nephthys also was considered to be the nurse of the reigning Pharaoh
himself. Though other goddesses could assume this role, Nephthys
was most usually portrayed in this function. In contrast Nephthys is
sometimes featured as a rather ferocious and dangerous divinity,
capable of incinerating the enemies of the Pharaoh with her fiery
breath.
New Kingdom Ramesside Pharaohs, in particular, were enamored of Mother
Nephthys, as is attested in various stelae and a wealth of
inscriptions at Karnak and Luxor, where Nephthys was a member of that
great city's Ennead and her altars were present in the massive
complex.
Nephthys was one of the few national goddesses to serve as tutelary
deity of her own district, or nome, in Ancient Egyptian history. Upper
Egyptian Nome VII and its city, Hwt-Sekhem, were considered (at least
by Greco-Roman times) to be the domain of Nephthys.